Revolution Articles
Updated: 6/15/2024
Summary
French and Indian War (1754-1763)
The conflict between the British colonists and the French over land disputes in the Ohio Valley region, involving George Washington's involvement and the eventual defeat of the French, leading to their expulsion from most of North America except for a small island (Haiti).
Causes of American Revolution
The British government's imposition of taxes and various acts on the American colonists to pay for the costs of the French and Indian War, leading to grievances such as lack of representation, restrictions on freedom of speech and press, confiscation of firearms, quartering of troops, the Stamp Act, writs of assistance, Navigation Acts, and the Intolerable Acts.
Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson's writing of the Declaration of Independence, influenced by John Locke's ideas on natural rights, consent of the governed, and limited government, listing the injustices done to the colonists by the British King, and addressing world leaders and the British Parliament.
Articles of Confederation
The drafting and ratification of the Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States, which created a weak national government with a single branch (Congress), no executive or federal court system, and gave most power to the individual states.
Problems under the Articles of Confederation
The major problems faced under the Articles of Confederation, including difficulty in ratification and amendments, economic conflicts between states, weak relations with foreign nations, inability to levy taxes or raise a national military, and events like Shays' Rebellion that exposed the need for a stronger central government.
Constitutional Convention of 1787
The meeting of delegates in Philadelphia in 1787, initially intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but ultimately leading to the drafting of a new constitution, driven by the concerns of the wealthy elite, creditors, and merchants over events like Shays' Rebellion.
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FAQ
Q: What was the main issue that led to the French and Indian War?
The French and Indian War started due to a land dispute between the British colonists and the French over the Ohio Valley region.
Q: What were some of the major injustices done to the colonists by the British King?
Some major injustices included lack of freedom of speech and press, confiscation of firearms and gunpowder, quartering of troops in colonists' homes, the Stamp Act and writs of assistance, restrictions from the Navigation Acts and Admiralty courts, and the Intolerable Acts.
Q: Who was Thomas Jefferson's intended audience when writing the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson was writing to the educated elite in other countries like France and Spain, hoping they would assist the colonists, as well as to the British Parliament leaders.
Q: What were some of the major problems with the Articles of Confederation?
Major problems included the requirement of all 13 states to ratify amendments, lack of a federal court system and executive branch, difficulty in passing laws, economic conflicts between states, and the weak national government's inability to impose its will on states or levy taxes.
Q: What event highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and motivated the writing of the new U.S. Constitution?
The Shays' Rebellion in 1786, where the national government could not intervene to stop the rebellion of farmers in Massachusetts, highlighted the need for a stronger central government and motivated the writing of the new U.S. Constitution.